{"id":5130,"date":"2022-05-03T11:50:38","date_gmt":"2022-05-03T09:50:38","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.zis.it\/wp\/?p=5130"},"modified":"2026-03-14T19:22:29","modified_gmt":"2026-03-14T18:22:29","slug":"linux-tips-tricks","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.zis.it\/wp\/?p=5130","title":{"rendered":"Linux &#8211; tips &#038; tricks"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignright size-thumbnail wp-image-3971\" src=\"https:\/\/www.zis.it\/wp\/wp-content\/uploads\/linux_logo-200x200.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"200\" height=\"200\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.zis.it\/wp\/wp-content\/uploads\/linux_logo-200x200.png 200w, https:\/\/www.zis.it\/wp\/wp-content\/uploads\/linux_logo-300x300.png 300w, https:\/\/www.zis.it\/wp\/wp-content\/uploads\/linux_logo.png 393w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 200px) 100vw, 200px\" \/><\/p>\n<div class=\"su-spoiler su-spoiler-style-default su-spoiler-icon-plus su-spoiler-closed\" data-scroll-offset=\"0\" data-anchor-in-url=\"no\"><div class=\"su-spoiler-title\" tabindex=\"0\" role=\"button\"><span class=\"su-spoiler-icon\"><\/span><strong>Diventare amministratore<\/strong><\/div><div class=\"su-spoiler-content su-u-clearfix su-u-trim\"><\/p>\n<p>Linux ha un utente admin \"root\".<br \/>\nPer diventare admin digita da terminale il comando<br \/>\n<span style=\"font-family: courier new, courier, monospace;\">su<\/span><br \/>\ne poi digita la password.<\/p>\n<p><\/div><\/div>\n<div class=\"su-spoiler su-spoiler-style-default su-spoiler-icon-plus su-spoiler-closed\" data-scroll-offset=\"0\" data-anchor-in-url=\"no\"><div class=\"su-spoiler-title\" tabindex=\"0\" role=\"button\"><span class=\"su-spoiler-icon\"><\/span><strong>Aggiungere\/eliminare un utente<\/strong><\/div><div class=\"su-spoiler-content su-u-clearfix su-u-trim\"><\/p>\n<p>Per aggiungere un utente da terminale digita:<br \/>\n<span style=\"font-family: courier new, courier, monospace;\">sudo adduser nomeutente<br \/>\n<\/span>Per aggiungere un utente da terminale digita:<br \/>\n<span style=\"font-family: courier new, courier, monospace;\">sudo deluser nomeutente --remove-home<\/span><\/p>\n<p><\/div><\/div>\n<div class=\"su-spoiler su-spoiler-style-default su-spoiler-icon-plus su-spoiler-closed\" data-scroll-offset=\"0\" data-anchor-in-url=\"no\"><div class=\"su-spoiler-title\" tabindex=\"0\" role=\"button\"><span class=\"su-spoiler-icon\"><\/span>Dare ad un utente i privilegi di amministratore<\/div><div class=\"su-spoiler-content su-u-clearfix su-u-trim\"><\/p>\n<p>Da terminale digita:<br \/>\n<span style=\"font-family: courier new, courier, monospace;\">sudo usermod -aG sudo nomeutente<\/span><br \/>\nPer verificare se ora l'utente appartiede al gruppo \"sudo\" digita:<br \/>\n<span style=\"font-family: courier new, courier, monospace;\">groups nomeutente<br \/>\n<\/span><\/p>\n<p><\/div><\/div>\n<div class=\"su-spoiler su-spoiler-style-default su-spoiler-icon-plus su-spoiler-closed\" data-scroll-offset=\"0\" data-anchor-in-url=\"no\"><div class=\"su-spoiler-title\" tabindex=\"0\" role=\"button\"><span class=\"su-spoiler-icon\"><\/span>Gestire users e gruppi da gui<\/div><div class=\"su-spoiler-content su-u-clearfix su-u-trim\"><\/p>\n<p>Da terminale digita:<br \/>\n<span style=\"font-family: courier new, courier, monospace;\">sudo apt-get install gnome-system-tools<\/span><br \/>\nPoi cerca nel menu il programma [Users and groups].<\/p>\n<p><\/div><\/div>\n<div class=\"su-spoiler su-spoiler-style-default su-spoiler-icon-plus su-spoiler-closed\" data-scroll-offset=\"0\" data-anchor-in-url=\"no\"><div class=\"su-spoiler-title\" tabindex=\"0\" role=\"button\"><span class=\"su-spoiler-icon\"><\/span><strong>Avvio senza password<\/strong><\/div><div class=\"su-spoiler-content su-u-clearfix su-u-trim\"><\/p>\n<p>Sebbene non consigliabile, se usi lightdm (Xfce) modifica il file [\/etc\/lightdm\/lightdm.conf].<br \/>\nCerca la riga \"#autologin-user=\" e modificala come segue: autologin-user=yourusername<br \/>\nInfine salva e riavvia il pc.<\/p>\n<p><\/div><\/div>\n<div class=\"su-spoiler su-spoiler-style-default su-spoiler-icon-plus su-spoiler-closed\" data-scroll-offset=\"0\" data-anchor-in-url=\"no\"><div class=\"su-spoiler-title\" tabindex=\"0\" role=\"button\"><span class=\"su-spoiler-icon\"><\/span><strong>Cambiare il nome dell'host<\/strong><\/div><div class=\"su-spoiler-content su-u-clearfix su-u-trim\"><\/p>\n<p>Il nome host \u00e8 il nome del computer, per cambiarlo segui la procedura:<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>apri il terminale e acquisisci i privilegi di root.\n<ul>\n<li>digita: sudo su<\/li>\n<li>digita la password di root<\/li>\n<li>in alternativa avvia un file manager come root, es: sudo doublecmd<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>apri il file \/etc\/hostname.<\/li>\n<li>modifica il nome host + salva.<\/li>\n<li>apri il file \/etc\/hosts.<\/li>\n<li>modifica il nome host + salva.<\/li>\n<li>riavvia il computer.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p><\/div><\/div>\n<div class=\"su-spoiler su-spoiler-style-default su-spoiler-icon-plus su-spoiler-closed\" data-scroll-offset=\"0\" data-anchor-in-url=\"no\"><div class=\"su-spoiler-title\" tabindex=\"0\" role=\"button\"><span class=\"su-spoiler-icon\"><\/span>Installare pacchetti Debian da terminale<\/div><div class=\"su-spoiler-content su-u-clearfix su-u-trim\"><\/p>\n<p>Sebbene sia possibile usare il programma gui \"Gdebi\", i pacchetti debian si possono installa da command line:<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-family: courier new, courier, monospace;\">sudo apt install .\/package.deb<\/span><\/p>\n<p><\/div><\/div>\n<div class=\"su-spoiler su-spoiler-style-default su-spoiler-icon-plus su-spoiler-closed\" data-scroll-offset=\"0\" data-anchor-in-url=\"no\"><div class=\"su-spoiler-title\" tabindex=\"0\" role=\"button\"><span class=\"su-spoiler-icon\"><\/span>Device bluetooth non riconosciuto<\/div><div class=\"su-spoiler-content su-u-clearfix su-u-trim\"><\/p>\n<p>Se un device bluetooth non viene riconosciuto procedere come segue.<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>da terminale digita il comando <span style=\"font-family: courier new, courier, monospace;\">bluetoothctl<\/span><\/li>\n<li>poi il comando <span style=\"font-family: courier new, courier, monospace;\">scan on<\/span><\/li>\n<li>verranno evidenziati tutti dispositivi bluetooth presenti<br \/>\n<span style=\"font-family: courier new, courier, monospace;\">xx-user@xx-pc01:~$ bluetoothctl<\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"font-family: courier new, courier, monospace;\">Agent registered<\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"font-family: courier new, courier, monospace;\">[bluetooth]# scan on<\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"font-family: courier new, courier, monospace;\">Discovery started<\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"font-family: courier new, courier, monospace;\">[CHG] Controller 00:19:DB:0A:D7:14 Discovering: yes<\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"font-family: courier new, courier, monospace;\">[bluetooth]# <\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"font-family: courier new, courier, monospace;\">[NEW] Device BC:32:B2:08:5D:1A BC-32-B2-08-5D-1A<\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"font-family: courier new, courier, monospace;\">[CHG] Device BC:32:B2:08:5D:1A RSSI: -72<\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"font-family: courier new, courier, monospace;\">[CHG] Device BC:32:B2:08:5D:1A RSSI: -54<\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"font-family: courier new, courier, monospace;\">[CHG] Device <span style=\"background-color: #808080; color: #ffffff;\">BC:32:B2:08:5D:1A<\/span> Mouse Logitech: -62<\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"font-family: courier new, courier, monospace;\">[CHG] Device BC:32:B2:08:5D:1A LegacyPairing: no<\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"font-family: courier new, courier, monospace;\">[CHG] Device BC:32:B2:08:5D:1A Name: Galaxy XCover 5<\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"font-family: courier new, courier, monospace;\">[CHG] Device BC:32:B2:08:5D:1A Alias: Galaxy XCover 5<\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"font-family: courier new, courier, monospace;\">[bluetooth]#<\/span><\/li>\n<li>digitare i seguenti comandi sostituendo il valore \"xx:xx:xx:xx:xx:xx\" con quello indicato nella scansione e appartenente al dispositivo da collegare:\n<ul>\n<li><span style=\"font-family: courier new, courier, monospace;\">pair xx:xx:xx:xx:xx:xx<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-family: courier new, courier, monospace;\">connect xx:xx:xx:xx:xx:xx<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-family: courier new, courier, monospace;\">trust xx:xx:xx:xx:xx:xx<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p><\/div><\/div>\n<div class=\"su-spoiler su-spoiler-style-default su-spoiler-icon-plus su-spoiler-closed\" data-scroll-offset=\"0\" data-anchor-in-url=\"no\"><div class=\"su-spoiler-title\" tabindex=\"0\" role=\"button\"><span class=\"su-spoiler-icon\"><\/span><strong>Numlock attivo al boot<\/strong><\/div><div class=\"su-spoiler-content su-u-clearfix su-u-trim\"><\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>installa numlockx:<br \/>\n<span style=\"font-family: courier new, courier, monospace;\">sudo apt-get install numlockx<\/span><\/li>\n<li>modifica il seguente file:<br \/>\n<span style=\"font-family: courier new, courier, monospace;\">sudo nano&nbsp; \/etc\/lightdm\/lightdm.conf<\/span><\/li>\n<li>aggiungi la seguente riga:<br \/>\n<span style=\"font-family: courier new, courier, monospace;\">greeter-setup-script=\/usr\/bin\/numlockx on<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p><\/div><\/div>\n<div class=\"su-spoiler su-spoiler-style-default su-spoiler-icon-plus su-spoiler-closed\" data-scroll-offset=\"0\" data-anchor-in-url=\"no\"><div class=\"su-spoiler-title\" tabindex=\"0\" role=\"button\"><span class=\"su-spoiler-icon\"><\/span><strong>Inviare output audio su pi\u00f9 uscite contemporaneamente<\/strong><\/div><div class=\"su-spoiler-content su-u-clearfix su-u-trim\"><\/p>\n<p>Ad esempio vuoi inviare l'audio all'uscita analogica del computer (jack audio out) e ad una altoparlante bluetooth.<br \/>\nDiamo per scontato che entrambe le vie funzionino correttamente.<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>installa paprefs:<br \/>\n<span style=\"font-family: courier new, courier, monospace;\">sudo apt install paprefs<\/span><\/li>\n<li>avvia paprefs<br \/>\n<span style=\"font-family: courier new, courier, monospace;\">paprefs<\/span><\/li>\n<li>click il tab [Simultaneous output] e spunta [v] Add virtual output...<\/li>\n<li>chiudi la finestra e digita il comando:<br \/>\n<span style=\"font-family: courier new, courier, monospace;\">pactl load-module module-combine-sink<\/span><\/li>\n<li>avvia il pannello di controllo volume<br \/>\n<span style=\"font-family: courier new, courier, monospace;\">pavucontrol<\/span><\/li>\n<li>click il tab [Output deviced] edovresti vedere la voce [Combinated].<\/li>\n<li>imposta i cursori del volume per bilanciare le varie uscite tra loro.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p><\/div><\/div>\n<div class=\"su-spoiler su-spoiler-style-default su-spoiler-icon-plus su-spoiler-closed\" data-scroll-offset=\"0\" data-anchor-in-url=\"no\"><div class=\"su-spoiler-title\" tabindex=\"0\" role=\"button\"><span class=\"su-spoiler-icon\"><\/span><strong>FAILED to mount<\/strong><\/div><div class=\"su-spoiler-content su-u-clearfix su-u-trim\"><\/p>\n<p>Se una unit\u00e0 non \u00e8 pi\u00f9 disponibile linux potrebbe non avviarsi e presentare il mesaggio:<br \/>\n<span style=\"font-family: courier new, courier, monospace;\">You are in emergency mode.<\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"font-family: courier new, courier, monospace;\">...<\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"font-family: courier new, courier, monospace;\">Give root password for maintenance.<\/span><\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>digita la password di amministratore (sudo).<\/li>\n<li>al prompt digita il comando:<br \/>\n<span style=\"font-family: courier new, courier, monospace;\">root#pc-name:# nano \/etc\/fstab<\/span><\/li>\n<li>nell'editor individua e rimuovi l'unit\u00e0 non pi\u00f9 collegata o sostituiscila con quella corretta.<\/li>\n<li>[ctrl]+X per uscire.<\/li>\n<li>digita [Y] per salvare le modifiche e salva con lo stesso nome.<\/li>\n<li>al prompt digita:<br \/>\n<span style=\"font-family: courier new, courier, monospace;\">root#pc-name:# nano \/etc\/fstab<\/span><\/li>\n<li>esci e riavvia.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>Oppure potrebbe verificarsi un guasto su una partizione dell'hardisk bloccandosi in busybox.<br \/>\n<span style=\"font-family: courier new, courier, monospace;\">BusyBox v1.18.5 ...<\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"font-family: courier new, courier, monospace;\">Enter 'hel' for a list...<\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"font-family: courier new, courier, monospace;\">(initramfs)<\/span><\/p>\n<p>Prova i seguenti passaggi per risolvere.<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>digita il comando: <span style=\"font-family: courier new, courier, monospace;\">exit<\/span><\/li>\n<li>il sistema dovrebbe indicare se una o pi\u00f9 partizione presenta errori.<\/li>\n<li>per riparare gli errori digita il comando: <span style=\"font-family: courier new, courier, monospace;\">fsck<\/span> (nome del device con errori) es. <span style=\"font-family: courier new, courier, monospace;\">fsck \/dev\/sda4<\/span> .<\/li>\n<li>alla richiesta di riparare digita [y]=yes oppure [a]=all.<\/li>\n<li>alla fine digita: <span style=\"font-family: courier new, courier, monospace;\">reboot<\/span> (oppure <span style=\"font-family: courier new, courier, monospace;\">exit<\/span>).<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p><\/div><\/div>\n<div class=\"su-spoiler su-spoiler-style-default su-spoiler-icon-plus su-spoiler-closed\" data-scroll-offset=\"0\" data-anchor-in-url=\"no\"><div class=\"su-spoiler-title\" tabindex=\"0\" role=\"button\"><span class=\"su-spoiler-icon\"><\/span><strong>-<\/strong><\/div><div class=\"su-spoiler-content su-u-clearfix su-u-trim\"><\/p>\n<p>-<\/p>\n<p><\/div><\/div>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h3>Immagini collegate:<\/h3>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; Immagini collegate:<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":5,"featured_media":3971,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"site-sidebar-layout":"default","site-content-layout":"","ast-site-content-layout":"default","site-content-style":"default","site-sidebar-style":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"","footer-sml-layout":"","ast-disable-related-posts":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"default","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"set","ast-page-background-enabled":"default","ast-page-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center 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